Results
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Minimum Operating Pressure
psi
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Design Sprinklers (12 or 15)
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Sprinkler Flow Demand
gpm
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Total Demand + Hose
gpm
Note: ESFR (Early Suppression Fast Response) sprinklers are designed to suppress (not just control) fires in rack storage. They require specific ceiling heights, deflector-to-storage clearances, and unobstructed ceilings. No in-rack sprinklers are needed when ESFR is properly applied. Obstructions below ESFR sprinklers can severely impact performance.
Reference
ESFR Design per NFPA 13:
Q = K × sqrt(P) per sprinkler
Design: 12 sprinklers (wet), 15 sprinklers (dry)
K-factors: 14.0, 16.8, 22.4, 25.2
Hose stream: 250 gpm
Min clearance: 36 inches (storage to deflector)
Total Demand = (N × K × sqrt(P)) + Hose Stream